Leipzig

Leipzig (/ˈlaɪpsɪɡ/; German: [ˈlaɪptsɪç]) is the largest city in the federal state of Saxony, Germany. With its population of 544,479 inhabitants (1,001,220 residents in the larger urban zone) Leipzig, one of Germany's top 15 cities by population, is located about 160 kilometers (99 miles) southwest of Berlin at the confluence of the White Elster, Pleisse, and Parthe rivers at the southerly end of the North German Plain.

Leipzig has been a trade city since at least the time of the Holy Roman Empire. The city sits at the intersection of the Via Regia and Via Imperii, two important Medieval trade routes. Leipzig was once one of the major European centers of learning and culture in fields such as music and publishing. Leipzig became a major urban center within the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) after World War II, but its cultural and economic importance declined despite East Germany being the richest economy in the Soviet Bloc.

Leipzig later played a significant role in instigating the fall of communism in Eastern Europe, through events which took place in and around St. Nicholas Church. Since the reunification of Germany, Leipzig has undergone significant change with the restoration of some historical buildings, the demolition of others, and the development of a modern transport infrastructure. Leipzig today is an economic center and the most livable city in Germany, according to the GfK marketing research institution.Oper Leipzig is one of the most prominent opera houses in Germany, and Leipzig Zoological Garden is one of the most modern zoos in Europe and ranks first in Germany and second in Europe according to Anthony Sheridan. Leipzig is currently listed as Gamma World City and Germany's "Boomtown".

Leipzig (district)

Leipzig (official name: Landkreis Leipzig) is a district (Kreis) in the Free State of Saxony, Germany. It is named after the city Leipzig, which is partly surrounded by the district, but not part of it. It borders (from the west and clockwise) the state Saxony-Anhalt, the urban district Leipzig, the districts Nordsachsen and Mittelsachsen, and the state Thuringia.

Geography

The district is located in the Leipzig Bay and is rather flat. Individual hills are found in the north (Hohburg Hills) and south of the district. Its larger rivers are the Mulde, Pleiße and White Elster. Also worth mentioning are the many lakes of the Leipzig Neuseenland in the west of the county, that were formed by flooding old brown coal pits.

History

The district was established by merging the former districts Muldentalkreis and Leipziger Land as part of the district reform of August 2008.

Geography

The district is located in the lowlands around Leipzig. The main rivers of the district are the Mulde, the Weiße Elster and the Pleiße.

Leipzig (region)

Leipzig is one of the three former Direktionsbezirke of the Free State of Saxony, Germany, located in the north-west of the state. It coincided with the Planungsregion Westsachsen. It was disbanded in March 2012.

History

The Direktionsbezirk Leipzig came into existence on 1 August 2008, and succeeded the Regierungsbezirk Leipzig. The territory of Regierungsbezirk Leipzig was slightly larger, and included the former district of Döbeln. With the exception of the districts Altenburg and Schmölln, the territory of the Regierungsbezirk corresponded to that of the former Bezirk Leipzig which existed from 1952 to 1990.

A Regierungsbezirk Leipzig existed already from 1939 to 1943, when the former Kreishauptmannschaften in Saxony were renamed following the custom in Prussia.

Subdivision

See also

References

External links

Coordinates: 51°20′N 12°50′E / 51.33°N 12.83°E / 51.33; 12.83

Chat

Chat or chats may refer to:

Communication

Entertainment

Places

Science and medicine

Birds

WvDial

WvDial (pronounced 'weave-dial') is a utility that helps in making modem-based connections to the Internet that is included in some Linux distributions. WvDial is a Point-to-Point Protocol dialer: it dials a modem and starts pppd in order to connect to the Internet. It uses the wvstreams library.

WvDial uses heuristics to guess how to dial and log into a server, alleviating the need to write a login script.

Graphical frontends

There are some GUI tools which allows using WvDial:

See also

References

External links

Chat (mining)

Chat is a term for fragments of siliceous rock, limestone, and dolomite waste rejected in the lead-zinc milling operations that accompanied lead-zinc mining in the first half of the 20th century. Historic lead and zinc mining in the Midwestern United States was centered in two major areas: the Tri-State area covering more than 2,500 square miles (6,500 km²) in southwestern Missouri, southeastern Kansas, and northeastern Oklahoma and the Old Lead Belt covering about 110 square miles (280 km²) in southeastern Missouri. The first recorded mining occurred in the Old Lead Belt in about 1742. The production increased significantly in both the Tri-state area and the Old Lead Belt during the mid-19th century and lasted up to 1970.

Cleanup

Currently production still occurs in a third area, the Viburnum Trend, in southeastern Missouri. Mining and milling of ore produced more than 500 million tons of wastes in the Tri-State area and about 250 million tons of wastes in the Old Lead Belt. More than 75 percent of this waste has been removed, with some portion of it used over the years. Today, approximately 100 million tons of chat remain in the Tri-State area. The EPA, the states of Oklahoma, Kansas and Missouri, local communities, and private companies continue to work together in implementing and monitoring response actions that reduce or remove potential adverse impacts posed by remaining mine wastes contaminated with lead, zinc, cadmium, and other metals.